One of the oldest cultures cultivated by man is the sowing pea. Annual herb of the legume family. In the cultivation does not require large physical costs.
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Types and description of pea
The most common of these species is planting peas. This is a climbing plant. It has feathery leaves and shoots ending in antennae. The pea pods are green, the seeds are round and slightly compressed, the surface is smooth. Blossoms in white, sometimes pink. This plant is cultivated both food and feed.
There are several popular groups of sowing pea varieties:
- Sugar
- Brain
- Shelling
Sugar varieties can be divided into soup and dessert. Soup varieties have smaller fruits than other varieties. Of them prepare various soups.
Dessert varieties are eaten fresh. Also, dessert varieties are prepared with side dishes for various main courses. This plant contains a large amount of protein.
Peas cerebral used in food in a state of wax ripeness at home. Basically, this species is used for conservation. Shelling varieties are harvested on an industrial scale for the food industry.
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- Shelling varieties are used for the food industry.
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- Dessert - consumed fresh
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- Brain - for conservation
What is the value of peas?
And also such necessary elements for a person as fatty acids, starch, vegetable oils, fiber. Rich in vegetables and minerals. Having planted this plant on the site, you will fill up the diet with a tasty and useful product.
Site selection and preparation
Sowing is done in early spring in the prepared soil from autumn.
When choosing a site for sowing, it is necessary to observe the following conditions:
- The site should be well lit.
- The absence of close groundwater.
- Light, fertile soil.
This culture is growing well in sunny places and tolerates shading very poorly. The beds should be located in open, well-ventilated areas.
Does not like peas in lowland, swampy areas. Its roots penetrate the soil deeply enough and crops from oversupply can hurt.
For pre-treatment should be a sufficient amount of organic matter. During the autumn digging is made up to 6 kg organic fertilizer per square meter, as described or instructions.
Do not use fresh manure, as it can cause rapid growth of green mass and slow down the flowering and the formation of fruits. Very good for spring soil loosening. the ashes. It will successfully replace mineral fertilizers.
When planting this plant on acidic soils, it is necessary to produce chalking. 350 - 400 grams of lime per square meter is applied.
This culture not afraid of the cold and landing can begin as soon as the earth warms up a little. Small frost shoots are not terrible.
Predecessors can serve any crops other than legumes. It will grow well after cabbage and potatoes. The pea itself is an excellent precursor for all plants, as it saturates the soil with nitrogen. Its roots should not be thrown away when cleaning. Digging them into the soil when digging in the autumn, you will significantly increase its fertility.
Friend vegetable with corn. A small amount of corn in the garden will serve as a good support for this plant. To collect several harvests during the summer, you can use different ripening terms for different varieties. You need to plant at an interval of 7 - 10 days to get green peas as long as possible.
Seed preparation and planting
To quickly and accurately select the seeds for planting need put them in lightly salted water. Floated seeds are not suitable for planting. Down on the bottom of a pea should be washed in clean water. Germination will be fast if the peas are soaked in water at room temperature for 10-12 hours. Water should be changed after 3 - 4 hours.
Planting is done after loosening the soil in 6 to 8 hours so that the earth does not dry out. Seeds are buried deep 4 - 6 cmrow spacing 35 - 40 cm. Row distance 10 - 15 cm.
Seeds sprinkled with earth. For better conservation of moisture, the ground must be compacted. So that the seeds do not peck the birds cover with a bed of film. Shoots will appear in 7 - 10 days and the film can be removed.
The care is very simple. In time to water and loosen the beds - and you will have a wonderful harvest. Noticed - plant very badly tolerates heat and drought. In this weather you need to water it very plentifully.
Good combine watering with top dressing. One tablespoon of nitroammofoski is diluted with 10 liters of water.After watering, loosen the aisles and spud the plants themselves.
For high yield you need to set for peas trellis. This will not allow the shoots to stray into a roll. Yes, and produce weeding and loosening will be much more convenient. Handling crops is very convenient Fokin's flat-cutter. Clipped weeds dry out and mulch the soil.
Fight against diseases and pests
In cool, wet and cloudy weather, the probability of hitting peas is high fungal infections.
Traditionally, in such cases, such drugs as copper sulphate and fungicides are used. When processing crops it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions and recommendations for the use of these drugs.
Pea moth is the worst enemy. Its caterpillars winter in the soil. Typically, butterflies pea moth fly with the beginning of flowering peas. A week after they lay their eggs, small caterpillars appear. They penetrate the fruit and eat it.
After about three weeks, the caterpillars are selected from the fruit and pupate in the upper layers of the soil, where they fall asleep until the next season.
Processing chemicals spend during flowering. If necessary, it can be repeated in a week.
After harvesting it is necessary to carry out deep plowing and observing crop rotation. Do not return peas to this place before 5–6 years.
By cultivating this crop, you get a product rich in vitamins and minerals. And also improve the structure of the soil and enrich it with nitrogen.