Carrots are often used by housewives to prepare different dishes, baby food is made from it, the vegetable is included in the dietary and medicinal diet. This is due to the rich vitamin composition and a large amount of carotene, which is necessary for healthy skin, mucous membranes and overall immunity. Therefore, to take a good harvest from the beds, it means regularly to replenish the body with vitamins A, B, C, E and others with useful substances, it is only important to plant the vegetable correctly on the plot with seeds.
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Terms for planting carrots and beets in open ground in Siberia and the Urals
The main guideline in determining the timing of seeding carrots and beets in open ground are the climatic features of the region. In the south, landing begins as soon as the night temperature ceases to fall below the mark. 6-8 degreesand daytime will be higher 10-12 degrees.
This period falls on end of March - beginning of April. In Siberia and the Urals, planting is planned from April 25 to May 15, but it is not necessary to hurry, the probability of night frosts is still high. In any case, it is worth adhering to the important sign of the readiness of the land for sowing - soil temperature should not be below 4 degrees.
The harvest will be harvested earlier than usual, but the vegetables will not have a long shelf life.They are intended for use in summer and autumn.
If you sow carrots or beets later than the specified dates, the young shoots will not develop so actively. In addition, ripening middle-late and late varieties may simply not be in time.
Proper preparation of seeds for sowing to quickly ascended
The surface of the seeds of carrots and beets has a protective layerwhich includes essential oils. This fact slows down germination, therefore, almost all gardeners perform preseeding preparation. To stimulate growth, several methods are used.
- The first method provides burying the seed bag in the damp ground at a depth of at least 30 cm. This should be done 10 days before disembarking. On the day of sowing, the bag is removed, and the seeds are dried on a lined napkin for 30-50 minutes. Treatment with wet soil accelerates the germination process, shoots appear already for 5-7 days.
- The second method is called bubbling, which consists in immersing seeds in warm water (25-27 degrees) for a day. All the time spent in the liquid is accompanied by the supply of oxygen with special devices.After processing, the grains are wrapped in a napkin and placed in a refrigerator for 3-5 days. Before planting, the seeds are dried to flowability.
- The third method is soaking. As a solution for soaking used warm water (up to 30 degrees) in an amount of 1 liter and a teaspoon of liquid fertilizer, sodium humate or potassium humate. After a daily stay in the nutrient mixture, the grains are washed and placed for 3-4 days in the refrigerator. Dry them before sowing.
When preparing seeds for planting need check their germination.
Preparing beds for planting seeds
Carrots and beets are sown in time among the first vegetable crops, so it is better to start cooking the bed in autumn. To do this, remove any plant debris from the site and to dig it is closer to frost so that all harmful microorganisms and larvae are frozen out.
Together with digging into the soil fertilizers are introduced. The most suitable in this case is rotted manure. You can also use compost.
If in the fall it was not possible to prepare a place for carrots and beets, in the spring, immediately after the snow melted, you will need to dig up the soil and enrich it with humus (4-6 kg per 1 m2), with fluff lime (100 gr.) And azofoska (30 gr.). It is also worth considering the soil environment, it should be neutral or slightly acidic.
When choosing a place before planting preference is given to such predecessors:
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- bow;
- salad;
- potatoes.
You should not land vegetables annually on the same plot of the vegetable garden, as well as after such predecessors:
- parsley (creates a favorable environment for pests);
- garlic (draws nutrients from the soil, depleting it);
- spinach and others
How to plant carrots and beets seeds
Experienced gardeners recommend fertilizing and sprinkling around the site where you plan to sow carrots and beets wood ash. The material acts as a fertilizer and protection against fungal infections.
Seeds of beets and carrots are planted in the grooves made by the tool at a distance 20-25 cm apart. For better control of seeding density, it is recommended to put some sand on the bottom of a kind of trench. Good visibility eliminates the thickening of the seedlings, which will then have to work hard and thin out the rows.
If the soil is dry, before sowing moisturize. Seeds need to be laid carefully, leaving 2-3 grains every 2 cm. Top layer after priming should not exceed 2.5-3 cm. For quick shoots, you can stretch the film over the bed at a height of 15 cm.
The enterprising gardeners have come up with a quick method of disembarking, which involves laying strips of paper with glued seeds into the grooves. It is important with this approach to use thin paper (newspaper) and glue based on starch.
When the first shoots appear
Shoots carrots and beets appear 5-7 days after disembarkationif weather conditions do not give unpleasant surprises. Spring care for seedlings includes frequent loosening, thinning and, if necessary, watering. Then sprouts develop more actively.
Already 2 weeks after the shoots managed to ascend thin out them, leaving the interval between plants 4 cm. After 15-20 days, a second thinning is performed, at which the distance increases to 8 cm (for large varieties up to 15 cm).
Why can seeds grow badly? Do not worry if after a week shoots did not have time to germinate. Most likely, the reason lies in cool weather or a thick layer of soil on top of the seeds. The germination process occurs at soil temperature. 4-6 degrees. The higher the index, the more intensive the development of the sprout.
Landing Care Rules
Watering
Watering for root vegetables is important regular and systematic watering. If the soil was dry for a long time and then became wet, then the vegetables may crack.
Irrigation is intensive during the formation of the root. 1-2 weeks before harvesting, watering stops, so that the moisture does not affect the shelf life of vegetables.
Top dressing
During the growing season, shoots of carrots and beets need several feedings. First make 20 days after emergenceusing 20 gr. potassium nitrate, 15 gr.double superphosphate, 15 gr. urea. All components are diluted with 10 liters of water.
The second feed is administered 15-20 days after the first, use 20-30 grams. diammofoski divorced in a bucket of water. The technique of introducing a nutrient mixture involves making a groove between the rows (4-6 cm deep), into which the working solution is applied. After processing, the groove is filled with soil and slightly compacted. After feeding, pour the surface with settled water.
Weeding and Loosening
Both procedures are carried out simultaneously. Weeds are a source of disease, attract pests and simply create a shadow for vegetable crops. In addition, a developed root system clogs the roots of carrots and beets, preventing the root crops from growing. Therefore, weed control should be carried out regularly.
Loosening provides unhindered access to the soil and the roots of oxygen, which is important for good growing season. Regularity of aeration - 1 time in 1-2 weeks.
Pest prevention
In order to prevent the use of recommended only attorneys seedsIn the opposite case, they should be disinfected by soaking in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes.
The soil also needs disinfection, it is watered abundantly in spring. boiling water or sprayed copper sulphate solution.
Timely thinning and weeding are also preventive measures in the fight against pests and fungal diseases.
Carrots and beets do not belong to capricious plants, with proper care, you can get a wonderful harvest, which is important to properly maintain for the enrichment of the body with vitamins in the winter.