Experienced gardeners know that it will take a lot of effort to remove a good harvest of large tomatoes from greenhouse beds. In addition to the timely watering and application of fertilizing, the plant needs to be helped to form correctly so that it does not waste power on the shoots. How to form tomatoes in two stems and will be discussed in this article.
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Why is it necessary to form a tomato in a polycarbonate greenhouse
During the growing season from the main stem of a tomato can break off a lot of shoots, which will also tie fruit. It seems that the process itself should please the gardeners with a large number of ovaries, but in reality it looks quite different.
A mature shrub with bulky greens and a small number of ovaries is not capable of providing vitamins and minerals in the required amount of fruit., as a result of which some of them fall off, others are deprived of the opportunity to ripen completely.
But how many stalks to leave on a bush? Depending on the selected hybrid / variety and haulm development features, gardeners form a bush in three ways:
- in 1 stalk;
- in 2 stalks;
- in 3 stalks.
In the polycarbonate greenhouse pasynkovanie aimed at obtaining high-quality yield, which is ensured by redirecting power to the main stem and fruit. Pysynki rob a plant of most of the micro and macro elements useful for development, therefore it is advisable to remove them.It is important during the procedure not to confuse the stepson with the fruit-bearing branch. Determine the excess escape can be at the place of its growth. This is the sinus sheet.
How to shape the bushes in two stalks
Before you begin to remove extra shoots, you need to decide on the following questions:
- the frequency of the procedure (in the greenhouses pasynkovat tomatoes should be 1 time in 7-10 days);
- technique of staving plants with a method of two.
It is also worth considering that with a break in the sprout a tomato juice can get on your hands. Moving from bush to bush, there is a high probability of infecting other tomatoes with various diseases, if there is at least one affected tomato. Therefore, experts recommend wearing rubber gloves before the procedure and wipe them with an alcohol solution after each whip.
The essence of the technique of the formation of the bush is in the selection of the main stem and the first stepchild, as it is the strongest, capable of intensive development and fruiting. To determine it simply, it is located under the first brush of inflorescences. The remaining stepchildren who have reached a length of 4-7 cm are boldly removed. Cut off the shoots need sharply, holding them with your index and thumb. In order not to damage the main stem, move the sprout to the side when jerking, not to the side. Also cutting with the tool having a sharp edge (knife) is allowed.
How to form deterministic brushes
This group includes stunted plants of early and middle ripening periods. In principle, they do not need the formation of a bush (on average, the height of the tops reaches 55-65 cm). But experienced gardeners still carry out the procedure for obtaining an earlier harvest and increase in fruiting.
In determinant tomatoes, after the formation of 3-4 leaves, the first flower brush is laid on the main stem. After 2-3 leaves a second one appears, and all subsequent brushes are tied through a leaf. The last closing growth of tomato inflorescences are arranged in a row without an interval on the leaves. In the southern countries, the culture is grown without removing the stepsons, aided by the climate and the long daylight hours. In our regions, it is imperative to participate in the pasynkovan process.
For the formation of tomatoes of the determinant type, in addition to the main stem, the first or second stepson is chosen. After the beginning of flowering, you need to install a support so that under the weight of the fruit the branches do not break. In a greenhouse, plants are tied to a trellis.
Formation of indeterminate varieties
This type includes cultures that do not have growth restrictions. Most often, these varieties form in one stem, less often with two. The application of these methods is explained by the ability of indeterminate tomatoes to form a large number of side shoots.
On a plant whose height exceeds 50-70 cm, in addition to the main stem, the first or second stepson is left (a stronger and more developed version is chosen). On each branch leave 4-5 brushes from inflorescences.Sprouts located on the sides and in the root zone are removed.
What will happen if growing tomatoes let go
Removal of useless sprouts contributes to the ripening of large fruits, because a tomato does not waste energy and energy. If young seedlings are not subjected to such a procedure, then the bush turns out to be strongly branched, and the fruits on it will be small. Many ovaries can fall due to lack of vitamins and minerals. In addition, the beds thicken and there is a problem with airing. With increased humidity, various fungi are activated, which causes plant diseases.
The spontaneously forming tomatoes can reach a height of 1 m or more, which creates illumination problems in a polycarbonate greenhouse. And for normal growing season, light is simply necessary; it promotes protein synthesis.Therefore, the regulation of the growth of the bush is another advantage of staking.
The beds without the formation of bushes look untidy, it is extremely inconvenient to process them, you have to make your way through the thickets. By the end of the season, the plant remains a lot of undiminished fruit, which is unsuitable even for preservation because of its too dense structure and bitterness in the taste.
Removing stepsons does not take much time, and knowledge to perform cutting or pinching will require a minimum. But the harvest will delight large tomatoes, which will correspond to the product and taste characteristics. The scheme of how to form bushes can be applied in the open field.