Detailed description of the pear variety Muscovite

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Pear - the most revered and unique in its healing and taste properties of the fruit. Saturated with a large amount of fiber, it helps to improve the body and improve mood. The sweet “gift of the gods” that came to us from the prehistoric era, is still driving everyone crazy with its delicious aroma.

In this article we will talk about the variety of Muscovite pear, we will learn its description and taste characteristics.

Description of the variety

Muscovite bred in the last century, in the 80s, in the Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazev, known breeders: S.T. Chizhov and S.P. Potapov. The name Moskvichka comes from the purpose of the variety for growing in the gardens of the Moscow region. The yield of the variety reaches 15-20 tons per 1 hectare. By the time of ripening of fruits refers to the early autumn variety. The collection of the Muscovite variety is carried out from the beginning of September until the end of October. To earlier varieties include pear August dew.

The variety grows in areas of the moderately continental climatic zone of Russia. In the sharply continental and monsoon climate, the variety is not grown. It is widespread in the Moscow region. Zoning: Central, Middle Volga and Volga-Vyatka regions.

Green shoots have an average size. Their curved shape with a light brown shade. On the shoots in sufficient quantities grow convex and small lentils. The variety has sufficient winter-hardiness. It tolerates temperatures up to - 20 ° С, being an average index of frost resistance of a variety

For pears are required varieties of pollinators,due to its inability to fruiting without cross-pollination.

The best pollinators are varieties:

1. Otradnenskaya;
2. Favorite Yakovlev;
3. Elegant Efimova;
4. Marble;
5. Lada.

Characteristics of trees and fruits

The trees are of the stem type, medium grown. Seedlings have a columnar crown, and adults - conical. Crohn is quite an average degree of foliage. Skeletal branches are slightly lighter in color than the trunk of a tree. Oval shape of green leaves of small size. The flowers contain a white corolla.

Shirokostrual-shaped yellow fruits with a greenish tinge, without a blush. The mass of the fetus reaches 110-130 grams. The flesh is white, with granulation in the middle. Fragrant consistency of the flesh - sweet-sour taste.

Breeding history and region of breeding

The origin of the pear Muscovite - from seedlings of pear varieties "Kieffer", bred in Philadelphia. In the experimental trials of 1986, conducted at the testing site of the cities of Moscow and Orel, the variety basically did not produce fruits.

However, a year later, there were global changes in the study. In unfavorable weather with low air temperature during flowering, a high set of fruits was observed. Revealed more than 50% of the benchmarks. All this happened with artificial and natural self-pollination.

Advantages and disadvantages

Grade advantages:

• early autumn variety;
• dessert type varieties;
• possesses scurry;
• stable fruiting;
• high yield;
• lack of carrion;
• has a high quality appearance;
• excellent aromatic taste;
• excellent portability of transportation;
• long-term storage;
• resists fruit rot, brown spot, scab;
• resistant to aggressive environmental conditions.

Disadvantages:

• self-infertile variety;
• average degree of frost resistance;
• low drought tolerance.

Planting rules for seedlings

The planting of Muscovite saplings is carried out in two seasonal variants:

1. autumn: all of October; the best period is from 10 to 20 October.
2. Spring: April May; the best period is April 20-30.

Seedlings for planting should be one or two years old. Usually planted seedlings with two years of age. It is this age of trees that has a formed root system suitable for planting.

Selection of seedlings for planting:

• seedling height should be 70 - 80 cm;
• powerful and rotten roots are cut from 10 to 20 cm;
• cut off the top;
• leaves break off;
• broken branches are cut off.

One hour before planting, the seedlings are placed in water, or in a solution of mullein.

Pears grow on loamy and sandy-black earth soil. It needs a sunny and dry place. The soil should have loose properties, be fertilized, and give air circulation. It must contain a small amount of clay and sand. In advance, a fortnight before landing, prepare a pit.

Soil preparation for planting:

• top soil layer is deposited up to 40 cm;
• a pit is dug out - with a diameter - from 80 cm to 1 meter, to 1 m in depth;
• it is necessary to fill a hole with the soil prepared in proportions:

humus - 2.5 buckets,

sand - 2.5 buckets,

superphosphate - 1.5 glass,

potassium sulfate - 2.5 tablespoons,

any organic matter - 2 kg;

• fill the pit with earth;
• pour dolomite flour: 300 grams per 1 bucket of water;
• pour a hole in the water - 2 buckets.

The sequence of planting seedlings:

1. A pit is dug with sheer walls of size: width — up to 80 cm, depth — up to 70 cm.
2. Fertilizers are poured:

to choose: phosphate rock, horse humus, superphosphate, humus - 1 kg;

potassium sulphate - 150 grams;

wood ash - 800 g;

ammonium nitrate - 2/3 fill the pit.

1. A peg is driven in the center of the pit, with an exit to the surface, to a height of half a meter.
2. Pour a little earth, in the form of a mound along the bottom of the pit.
3. Put a tree on a mound, and evenly distribute the root system.
4. The root neck of the seedling above the ground should be 5 cm.
5. Fill the hole with soil, constantly shaking the seedling, to distribute the root system, and to avoid emptiness.
6. Carefully tamp the hole.
7. To produce watering, about 3 buckets on a sapling.
8. To grind the hole with a stop circle with dry humus.
9. Snap the seedling to the peg.

Growing conditions

After planting the pear is watered: for one seedling - 1 time in 7 days, 1 bucket of water - in the morning and in the evening. With summer fruiting, watering increases, with the same approach, up to two times in 7 days. In winter, the lower part of the tree is covered with snow.

Fruit trees are watered:

• before bud break;
• after flowering - after 2 weeks;
• 2 - 3 weeks before the appearance of the fruit;
• after removing the fruit.

Feed variety should be in the next year after planting.

Ways to feed trees on the tree trunk:

• fertilizers are used annually in the spring: per 1 sq. m: ammonium nitrate - 30 g;

• in the autumn, 1 time in 2 years to apply fertilizer:

on 1 square. m, to choose from:

superphosphate - 50 g,

compost - half a bucket,

humus - half a bucket,

potassium sulphate - 30 g

In the growing season, trees need pruning. This procedure should be carried out in early spring, until the bud breaks. So the crown of trees is formed faster. It is common for shoots to level off during their growth.

Pruning trees is as follows:

• branches that grow inside the tree are removed;
• weak shoots are cut;
• broken branches are cut off;
• one of the branches is removed, adjoining the other.

The beginning of fruiting pear Muscovite under good conditions of care begins at 3-4 years of tree growth, and continues annually. The period of fruiting can reach more than 30 years.

Factors affecting poor fruiting:

1. Incorrect feeding.
2. Deepening when planting sapling root root.
3. Small area of ​​the garden plot.
4. Shadow area.
5. "Attack" of the plot apple flowering plant.
6. The thickening of the crown.
7. Overmoistened soil.

With the elimination of the important factors of bad fruiting, the result comes next year.

Yield and storage

A consistently high yield is obtained even in unfavorable growing climates. Up to 60 kg of crop can be harvested from a tree. For long-term preservation of pears, they should be removed to maturitywith light green skin. Maturation occurs up to 7 days indoors.

Fruit storage periods:

• refrigerator - 0 ° C - 3 months;
• basement - up to 1 month.

Features of the pear variety Muscovite

Pears are soaked with lots of nutrients. When exposed to the body, there is a fortifying effect. Thanks to the variety, the human immune system is strengthened.

Pear helps in the fight against colds, having antitussive and antipyretic effects. Beneficial to the digestive process, producing an effect of fixation. It helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels, calming the heartbeat.

Diseases and pests

Resistance of a grade is shown to brown spottiness of leaves, fruit rot and to a scab.

In the spring time, spray prevention of fungal diseases is carried out:

• urea solution - 700 g - 1 bucket of water;
• a solution of copper or iron sulphate - 150 g - 1 bucket of water.

Prevention of pests pears as follows:

• from green aphids, pear podzhorki, pear sucker:

in the middle of spring - the drug "Kinmiks",

before blooming - “Agravertin”,

at the ovary - "Iskra"

folk methods: decoction of chamomile, green soap;

• from tick: solution of colloidal sulfur;
• from the leaf-maker: before flowering - “Tsimbush”.

Gardeners reviews

Muscovite truly valuable variety for all gardeners. Hardy, with maximum fruiting, grown in many garden plots.

Kristina: Fairly praised. Good winter hardiness. Dense juicy pulp. It grows beautifully in the garden for more than 10 years. To sort of treat, as to the "consumer goods." If you want to speed up fruiting - to the horizon, plant branches.

Ivan: From Muscovites delighted! One of the most valuable pears. Suitable for gardens near Moscow, grows very well.I do not use nitrogen fertilizers in any case. I get a great harvest!

Yana: Muscovite fruits the third year in the garden. Less than all suffered from cold and disease. The fruits are large and juicy.

Excellent characteristic properties of the variety Muscovite deserve to become the most beloved for all who love a pear. Proper care of the fruit tree in the future will bring a generous harvest of delicious fruits. A storehouse of beneficial vitamins will always be on your table!